1. Why did Woodrow Wilson not take any Republicans with him to Europe for the Peace Conference?
Because Wilson hatred and political differences with Lodge prevented him from asking Lodge to join him to Europe.
2. Why was Wilson welcomed in Paris?
Because they had read his 14 Points Peace Plan before he came and had found hope in its terms and the new ideas.
3. The idea of self-rule, which Wilson advocated, was not included in the Treaty to the extent Wilson had hoped. Why not?
Because France, Italy, Britain and Japan wanted to maintain their colonies and didn't want the idea of self-rule.
4. The Allied Big Four - Wilson, Lloyd George, Orlando, and Clemenceau - discussed the question of whether to invite the conquered Germans and the new Russian Bolsehvik government to the Versailles Conference and its negotiations but decided against it. Was the decision justified? Explain your reasoning.
I don't think this was justified because Germany and Russia should get a say in what rules and regulations and things will be put upon them such as them having to owe everyone $6 Billion.
5. Which Big Four leader showed up at the Paris Conference with the most strength to influence the proceedings? Which was the weakest? Why?
The most powerful was Lloyd George who represented Britain was the most powerful because he had the support of the public.
The least powerful was Orlando representing Italy because he was suspicious of the other members of the Big Four and liked Wilson's idea as long as they were what he thought Italy deserved.
6. Why did Wilson have such difficulty seeing his Fourteen Points written into the Peace Plan?
Because he had strained relations with the Republic Congress so it would be a struggle to ratify.
7. Explain Article X of the League of Nations Covenant. What problems with the covenant did some Americans have?
Many felt that Article X would obligate the United States to intervene overseas.
Sunday, December 20, 2009
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Woodrow Wilson Fights for Peace
1. What was Wilson's 14th Point?
-There should be no secret treaties among nations.
-Freedom of the seas should be maintained by all.
-Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade.
-Arms should be reduced "to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possiblity of military responses" during diplomatic crises
-Colonial policies should consider the interests of the imperalist powers.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
It barred Germany from maintaining an army. It also required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and to pay reparations.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
It humiliated Germany which created the war-guilt clause and it stripped Germany of its colonial possessions in the Pacific, which might have helped it pay its reparations bill.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
He was suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggresion, even though it was voluntary. They wanted the constitutional right of Congress to declare war included in the treaty.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
Because he ignored the Republican majority in the Senate when he chose the members of the American delegation.
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
Because he showed his dislike for what happened in the war and that all those German's died for them to just walk away
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
A French premier that had lived through two German invasions of France and was determined to prevent future invasions.
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
The British prime minister that had won reelection on the slogan "Make Germany Pay"
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
They didn't have any so therefore they lost more territory than Germany did.
-There should be no secret treaties among nations.
-Freedom of the seas should be maintained by all.
-Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade.
-Arms should be reduced "to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possiblity of military responses" during diplomatic crises
-Colonial policies should consider the interests of the imperalist powers.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
It barred Germany from maintaining an army. It also required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and to pay reparations.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
It humiliated Germany which created the war-guilt clause and it stripped Germany of its colonial possessions in the Pacific, which might have helped it pay its reparations bill.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
He was suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggresion, even though it was voluntary. They wanted the constitutional right of Congress to declare war included in the treaty.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
Because he ignored the Republican majority in the Senate when he chose the members of the American delegation.
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
Because he showed his dislike for what happened in the war and that all those German's died for them to just walk away
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
A French premier that had lived through two German invasions of France and was determined to prevent future invasions.
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
The British prime minister that had won reelection on the slogan "Make Germany Pay"
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
They didn't have any so therefore they lost more territory than Germany did.
Thursday, December 10, 2009
WWI - The War at Home
What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
1. War Industries Board- It encouraged companies to use mass production techniques in order to increase efficiency.
2. Railroad Administration- controlled the Railroads
3. Fuel Administration- Monitored coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil and also introduced Day Lights Savings.
4. National War Labor Board- The people that told the workers that if they refused to obey board decisions would lose they're draft exemptions.
5. Food Administration- To help produce and conserve food.
6. Committee on Public Information- To popularize the war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts- Said that a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years of jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Bernard M. Baruch- The establisher of the War Industries Board. Who is also a prosperous business man.
George Creel- He persuaded artists and advertising agencies to create thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war.
1. War Industries Board- It encouraged companies to use mass production techniques in order to increase efficiency.
2. Railroad Administration- controlled the Railroads
3. Fuel Administration- Monitored coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil and also introduced Day Lights Savings.
4. National War Labor Board- The people that told the workers that if they refused to obey board decisions would lose they're draft exemptions.
5. Food Administration- To help produce and conserve food.
6. Committee on Public Information- To popularize the war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts- Said that a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years of jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Bernard M. Baruch- The establisher of the War Industries Board. Who is also a prosperous business man.
George Creel- He persuaded artists and advertising agencies to create thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war.
Wednesday, December 2, 2009
The U.S. enters World War I
1. How did the United States raise an army?
Congress passed the Selective Service Act.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
By their numbers and youth and enthusiasm and also their tactics to help Britain bring down Germany.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
$338 Million
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
22 Million deaths, more than half of them civilians, 20 Million people wounded, 10 Million became refugees.
5. Define armistice.
A truce.
Congress passed the Selective Service Act.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
By their numbers and youth and enthusiasm and also their tactics to help Britain bring down Germany.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
$338 Million
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
22 Million deaths, more than half of them civilians, 20 Million people wounded, 10 Million became refugees.
5. Define armistice.
A truce.
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
World War I Begins
1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.
Nationalism- Many feared Germany's growing power in Europe.
Imperialism- As Germany industrialized, it competed with France and Britian in the contest for colonies.
Militarism- Germany had set up an army reserve system that drafted and trained young men. Also Germany extended its naval base so that it could compete with Britian.
Alliance System- The Triple alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
Because after Archduke was killed by a Serbian the Austrians wanted to go to war with Serbia and get that land and then after that with all of the alliances one thing lead to another and a lot of countries were joining in on this controversy creating a World War.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
The Germans swept across Belgium as thousands of civilians fled in terror.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The United States was divided between who they would want to ally.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized citizens- Watched the war closely because that is the country that they immigrated from.
Socialists- Thought that the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East.
Pacifists- Thought that the war was evil and that the United States should set an example of peace to the world.
Parents- Didn't want their children having to die in the war.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
American ships carrying goods to Germany refused to challenge the blockage and seldom reached their destination. Germany found it increasingly difficult to import foodstuffs and fertilizer for crops. Also then Germany did a counter blockage to Britian just with submarines.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
That neithe Germany or Britain would remove their blockages.
Nationalism- Many feared Germany's growing power in Europe.
Imperialism- As Germany industrialized, it competed with France and Britian in the contest for colonies.
Militarism- Germany had set up an army reserve system that drafted and trained young men. Also Germany extended its naval base so that it could compete with Britian.
Alliance System- The Triple alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
Because after Archduke was killed by a Serbian the Austrians wanted to go to war with Serbia and get that land and then after that with all of the alliances one thing lead to another and a lot of countries were joining in on this controversy creating a World War.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
The Germans swept across Belgium as thousands of civilians fled in terror.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The United States was divided between who they would want to ally.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized citizens- Watched the war closely because that is the country that they immigrated from.
Socialists- Thought that the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East.
Pacifists- Thought that the war was evil and that the United States should set an example of peace to the world.
Parents- Didn't want their children having to die in the war.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
American ships carrying goods to Germany refused to challenge the blockage and seldom reached their destination. Germany found it increasingly difficult to import foodstuffs and fertilizer for crops. Also then Germany did a counter blockage to Britian just with submarines.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
That neithe Germany or Britain would remove their blockages.
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