1. Why did Woodrow Wilson not take any Republicans with him to Europe for the Peace Conference?
Because Wilson hatred and political differences with Lodge prevented him from asking Lodge to join him to Europe.
2. Why was Wilson welcomed in Paris?
Because they had read his 14 Points Peace Plan before he came and had found hope in its terms and the new ideas.
3. The idea of self-rule, which Wilson advocated, was not included in the Treaty to the extent Wilson had hoped. Why not?
Because France, Italy, Britain and Japan wanted to maintain their colonies and didn't want the idea of self-rule.
4. The Allied Big Four - Wilson, Lloyd George, Orlando, and Clemenceau - discussed the question of whether to invite the conquered Germans and the new Russian Bolsehvik government to the Versailles Conference and its negotiations but decided against it. Was the decision justified? Explain your reasoning.
I don't think this was justified because Germany and Russia should get a say in what rules and regulations and things will be put upon them such as them having to owe everyone $6 Billion.
5. Which Big Four leader showed up at the Paris Conference with the most strength to influence the proceedings? Which was the weakest? Why?
The most powerful was Lloyd George who represented Britain was the most powerful because he had the support of the public.
The least powerful was Orlando representing Italy because he was suspicious of the other members of the Big Four and liked Wilson's idea as long as they were what he thought Italy deserved.
6. Why did Wilson have such difficulty seeing his Fourteen Points written into the Peace Plan?
Because he had strained relations with the Republic Congress so it would be a struggle to ratify.
7. Explain Article X of the League of Nations Covenant. What problems with the covenant did some Americans have?
Many felt that Article X would obligate the United States to intervene overseas.
Sunday, December 20, 2009
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Woodrow Wilson Fights for Peace
1. What was Wilson's 14th Point?
-There should be no secret treaties among nations.
-Freedom of the seas should be maintained by all.
-Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade.
-Arms should be reduced "to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possiblity of military responses" during diplomatic crises
-Colonial policies should consider the interests of the imperalist powers.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
It barred Germany from maintaining an army. It also required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and to pay reparations.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
It humiliated Germany which created the war-guilt clause and it stripped Germany of its colonial possessions in the Pacific, which might have helped it pay its reparations bill.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
He was suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggresion, even though it was voluntary. They wanted the constitutional right of Congress to declare war included in the treaty.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
Because he ignored the Republican majority in the Senate when he chose the members of the American delegation.
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
Because he showed his dislike for what happened in the war and that all those German's died for them to just walk away
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
A French premier that had lived through two German invasions of France and was determined to prevent future invasions.
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
The British prime minister that had won reelection on the slogan "Make Germany Pay"
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
They didn't have any so therefore they lost more territory than Germany did.
-There should be no secret treaties among nations.
-Freedom of the seas should be maintained by all.
-Tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade.
-Arms should be reduced "to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possiblity of military responses" during diplomatic crises
-Colonial policies should consider the interests of the imperalist powers.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
It barred Germany from maintaining an army. It also required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and to pay reparations.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
It humiliated Germany which created the war-guilt clause and it stripped Germany of its colonial possessions in the Pacific, which might have helped it pay its reparations bill.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
He was suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggresion, even though it was voluntary. They wanted the constitutional right of Congress to declare war included in the treaty.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
Because he ignored the Republican majority in the Senate when he chose the members of the American delegation.
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
Because he showed his dislike for what happened in the war and that all those German's died for them to just walk away
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
A French premier that had lived through two German invasions of France and was determined to prevent future invasions.
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
The British prime minister that had won reelection on the slogan "Make Germany Pay"
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
They didn't have any so therefore they lost more territory than Germany did.
Thursday, December 10, 2009
WWI - The War at Home
What were some things accomplished by the following wartime agencies and laws?
1. War Industries Board- It encouraged companies to use mass production techniques in order to increase efficiency.
2. Railroad Administration- controlled the Railroads
3. Fuel Administration- Monitored coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil and also introduced Day Lights Savings.
4. National War Labor Board- The people that told the workers that if they refused to obey board decisions would lose they're draft exemptions.
5. Food Administration- To help produce and conserve food.
6. Committee on Public Information- To popularize the war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts- Said that a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years of jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Bernard M. Baruch- The establisher of the War Industries Board. Who is also a prosperous business man.
George Creel- He persuaded artists and advertising agencies to create thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war.
1. War Industries Board- It encouraged companies to use mass production techniques in order to increase efficiency.
2. Railroad Administration- controlled the Railroads
3. Fuel Administration- Monitored coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil and also introduced Day Lights Savings.
4. National War Labor Board- The people that told the workers that if they refused to obey board decisions would lose they're draft exemptions.
5. Food Administration- To help produce and conserve food.
6. Committee on Public Information- To popularize the war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts- Said that a person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years of jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.
Briefly explain why Bernard M. Baruch and George Creel are significant historical figures.
Bernard M. Baruch- The establisher of the War Industries Board. Who is also a prosperous business man.
George Creel- He persuaded artists and advertising agencies to create thousands of paintings, posters, cartoons, and sculptures promoting the war.
Wednesday, December 2, 2009
The U.S. enters World War I
1. How did the United States raise an army?
Congress passed the Selective Service Act.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
By their numbers and youth and enthusiasm and also their tactics to help Britain bring down Germany.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
$338 Million
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
22 Million deaths, more than half of them civilians, 20 Million people wounded, 10 Million became refugees.
5. Define armistice.
A truce.
Congress passed the Selective Service Act.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
By their numbers and youth and enthusiasm and also their tactics to help Britain bring down Germany.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
$338 Million
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
22 Million deaths, more than half of them civilians, 20 Million people wounded, 10 Million became refugees.
5. Define armistice.
A truce.
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
World War I Begins
1. What are the four main causes of World War I? Give an example for each as to why it was a cause.
Nationalism- Many feared Germany's growing power in Europe.
Imperialism- As Germany industrialized, it competed with France and Britian in the contest for colonies.
Militarism- Germany had set up an army reserve system that drafted and trained young men. Also Germany extended its naval base so that it could compete with Britian.
Alliance System- The Triple alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
Because after Archduke was killed by a Serbian the Austrians wanted to go to war with Serbia and get that land and then after that with all of the alliances one thing lead to another and a lot of countries were joining in on this controversy creating a World War.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
The Germans swept across Belgium as thousands of civilians fled in terror.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The United States was divided between who they would want to ally.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized citizens- Watched the war closely because that is the country that they immigrated from.
Socialists- Thought that the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East.
Pacifists- Thought that the war was evil and that the United States should set an example of peace to the world.
Parents- Didn't want their children having to die in the war.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
American ships carrying goods to Germany refused to challenge the blockage and seldom reached their destination. Germany found it increasingly difficult to import foodstuffs and fertilizer for crops. Also then Germany did a counter blockage to Britian just with submarines.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
That neithe Germany or Britain would remove their blockages.
Nationalism- Many feared Germany's growing power in Europe.
Imperialism- As Germany industrialized, it competed with France and Britian in the contest for colonies.
Militarism- Germany had set up an army reserve system that drafted and trained young men. Also Germany extended its naval base so that it could compete with Britian.
Alliance System- The Triple alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy.
2. How did the June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand become the spark for WWI?
Because after Archduke was killed by a Serbian the Austrians wanted to go to war with Serbia and get that land and then after that with all of the alliances one thing lead to another and a lot of countries were joining in on this controversy creating a World War.
3. What happened within the first few months of fighting?
The Germans swept across Belgium as thousands of civilians fled in terror.
4. Generally, why did the United States want to stay out of the war?
The United States was divided between who they would want to ally.
5. Specifically, Why did the following groups of Americans tend to oppose U.S. participation in the war? Naturalized citizens; socialists; pacifists; parents.
Naturalized citizens- Watched the war closely because that is the country that they immigrated from.
Socialists- Thought that the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East.
Pacifists- Thought that the war was evil and that the United States should set an example of peace to the world.
Parents- Didn't want their children having to die in the war.
6. How did Germany respond to the British naval blockade of Germany’s ports? What was the U.S. response?
American ships carrying goods to Germany refused to challenge the blockage and seldom reached their destination. Germany found it increasingly difficult to import foodstuffs and fertilizer for crops. Also then Germany did a counter blockage to Britian just with submarines.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
That neithe Germany or Britain would remove their blockages.
Tuesday, November 17, 2009
America as a World Power
1. What role did President Roosevelt play in ending the Russo-Japanese War?
Roosevelt was approached by the Japanese officials and was asked to make a peace agreement between Japan and Russia.
2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
The United States made a treaty with Panama and fought a rebellion with them against Columbia. Once they got their freedom the United States bought the land they needed from Panama and started on the contruction of the bridge.
3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
It warned that disorder in Latin America might "force the United States... to excersise a international police power.
4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Colollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
Taft arranged for American bankers to loan Nicaragua to pay off its debts. In return, the bankers were given the right to recover their money by collecting Nicaragua's custom duties.
5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
The U.S. had moral responsiblity to deny recognition to any Latin America government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests.
6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
a. It expaned its access to foriegn markets in order to ensure the continued growth of the domestic economy.
b. The United States built a modern navy to protect its interests abroad.
c. The United States excersised its national police power to ensure dominance in Latin America.
Roosevelt was approached by the Japanese officials and was asked to make a peace agreement between Japan and Russia.
2. What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What happened regarding Columbia? (Be specific)
The United States made a treaty with Panama and fought a rebellion with them against Columbia. Once they got their freedom the United States bought the land they needed from Panama and started on the contruction of the bridge.
3. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?
It warned that disorder in Latin America might "force the United States... to excersise a international police power.
4. How did Taft use Dollar Diplomacy to enforce the Roosevelt Colollary on Nicaragua? (Be specfic)
Taft arranged for American bankers to loan Nicaragua to pay off its debts. In return, the bankers were given the right to recover their money by collecting Nicaragua's custom duties.
5. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico?
The U.S. had moral responsiblity to deny recognition to any Latin America government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests.
6. What were three major foriegn policy goals achieved by the United States in the early 20th century. Be sure to provide an example or two of each.
a. It expaned its access to foriegn markets in order to ensure the continued growth of the domestic economy.
b. The United States built a modern navy to protect its interests abroad.
c. The United States excersised its national police power to ensure dominance in Latin America.
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
Imperialism's Bitter Fruit
1. a. After the Spanish were forced out of the Philippines, why did fighting break out between American and Filipino forces?
The Filipinos had assumed that they would be granted independence after the departure of the Spanish, but U.S. troops had orders to establish control over the islands.
b. How was this a different kind of warfare for American forces?
Because the Filipioes thought that they were for their independence.
2. Why were many African-Americans strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists?
Because they thought that they could get away from the racism by being in the war but instead were still discriminated in the Philipines.
3. Explain two reasons why the United States lost some of its enthusiasm for imperialism in the early 1900s.
a. Imperialism would increase war and conflict around the world.
b. They were ruining their image in the 1900s by still fighting with the Philipines.
4. What were the positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
The Cubans could had U.S. citizenship and America got the island Guam which also got U.S. citizenship.
5. After the Spanish-American War, the United States insisted that Cuba only receive independence after agreeing to several limitations set forth in the Platt Amendment. Four restrictions on Cuban independence set forth in the Platt Amendment were:
Gave America:
a. Right to oversee the Cuban economy
b.exercise veto power over Cuban foreign policy
c.Intervene whenever necessary
d. Allowed to build a naval base on the southeastern tip of the island
Was the United States justified in making these demands? Explain your reasoning.
"For the protection of life, property, and individual liberty."
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? Why or why not?
Yes because they got many new countries which they had power over.
The Filipinos had assumed that they would be granted independence after the departure of the Spanish, but U.S. troops had orders to establish control over the islands.
b. How was this a different kind of warfare for American forces?
Because the Filipioes thought that they were for their independence.
2. Why were many African-Americans strong critics of the war against Filipino nationalists?
Because they thought that they could get away from the racism by being in the war but instead were still discriminated in the Philipines.
3. Explain two reasons why the United States lost some of its enthusiasm for imperialism in the early 1900s.
a. Imperialism would increase war and conflict around the world.
b. They were ruining their image in the 1900s by still fighting with the Philipines.
4. What were the positive effects of American occupation in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
The Cubans could had U.S. citizenship and America got the island Guam which also got U.S. citizenship.
5. After the Spanish-American War, the United States insisted that Cuba only receive independence after agreeing to several limitations set forth in the Platt Amendment. Four restrictions on Cuban independence set forth in the Platt Amendment were:
Gave America:
a. Right to oversee the Cuban economy
b.exercise veto power over Cuban foreign policy
c.Intervene whenever necessary
d. Allowed to build a naval base on the southeastern tip of the island
Was the United States justified in making these demands? Explain your reasoning.
"For the protection of life, property, and individual liberty."
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? Why or why not?
Yes because they got many new countries which they had power over.
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